12 truths I learned from life and writing
美國作家Anne Lamott分享她的人生智慧
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Lamott
1. All truth is a paradox.
人生不盡完美,總有其矛盾之處。
2. Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a few minutes─ including you.
3. There is almost nothing outside of you that will help in any kind of lasting way...
許多事總要靠自己,別人是幫不上忙的。同樣的,別人的問題,我們也常使不上勁 。總是要多靠自己找答案,想辦法才行。
4. Everyone is screwed up, broken, clingy and scared, even the people who seem to have it most together.
每個人都有其難處,不能光看表象。
5. Chocolate with 75 percent cacao is not actually a food.
6. Writing.
Every writer you know writes really terrible first drafts, but they keep their butt in the chair. That's the secret of life.
寫作從草稿開始,持續寫,一再修稿,靠的是恆毅力。
她提出兩個要點:
bird by bird and really god-awful first drafts.
http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/08/17/reviews/lamott-bird.html
7. Publication and temporary creative successes are something you have to recover from.
創作、出版,有人讀,是奇蹟。
但是要清醒,不要因而昏頭了。
要看重的是寫作的歷程。
8. Families.
Families are hard, hard, hard, no matter how cherished and astonishing they may also be. Again, see number one.
Earth is forgiveness school.
家,有其矛盾之處。
學習寬恕自己,也寬恕家人,以愛相待。
9. Food.
Try to do a little better.
10. Grace.
The movement of grace is what changes us, heals us and heals our world.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grace
要具幽默感,
常大笑,
(Laughter really is carbonated holiness. It helps us breathe again and again and gives us back to ourselves, and this gives us faith in life and each other.)
11. God just means goodness.
A good name for God is: "Not me."
Emerson: The happiest person on Earth is the one who learns from nature the lessons of worship.
要仰望,
神是恩慈的。
12. Death.
Death is as sacred as birth. And don't worry — get on with your life.
Ram Dass: When all is said and done, we're really just all walking each other home.
人生,
要學習,
心靈,
要成長。
2017年7月4日 星期二
2017年6月2日 星期五
106年會考 英語試題
106年會考
106會考英語閱讀題組
1. 16~18
生活考題
換書活動
What is the book festival for?
Sonja is busy packing some books for the book festival. Which is most likely one of them?
Look at the calendar. If Sean has a book festival card, when can he use it?
(選項有圖表)
2. 19~21
短文
可怕的經驗
What happened in the story?
What can we learn about the writer and the man with a bag?
How do people feel when they experience something horrendous?
3. 22~24
對話
有求於人
What does "the catch" mean in the dialogue?
What does "it" mean in the dialogue?
What do we learn from the dialogue?
4. 25~26
文宣
醫師超時工作
What is this reading for?
What does the problem mean in the reading?
5. 27~28
廣告
瑕疵品
What does Wonky Markt care about?
What do we know about buying the “seconds” from Wonky Markt?
6. 29~30
新聞
公車路線變更
(文章有圖表)
What can we learn from the reading?
Which is most likely Dashing Shuttle’s map of bus lines before July 1?
(選項為圖題)
7. 31~33
新聞
美國電影的衝擊
(文章有圖表)
What does the report say about globalization’s influence on the movie world?
What can we learn from the report?
From the charts, which is true?
8. 34~37
克漏字/短文
經營困境
used to be (時態)
things didn’t get better
good news arrived
was looking for (時態)
9. 38~41
克漏字/短文
冒險家的厄運
(文章有圖表)
* cost his life
* he wasn’t the only one who had this dream
* And their ways of traveling decided which team would win
* the worst had not come yet
聽力21題
字彙與文法15題
閱讀題組共9篇26題
1. 16~18
生活考題
換書活動
What is the book festival for?
Sonja is busy packing some books for the book festival. Which is most likely one of them?
Look at the calendar. If Sean has a book festival card, when can he use it?
(選項有圖表)
2. 19~21
短文
可怕的經驗
What happened in the story?
What can we learn about the writer and the man with a bag?
How do people feel when they experience something horrendous?
3. 22~24
對話
有求於人
What does "the catch" mean in the dialogue?
What does "it" mean in the dialogue?
What do we learn from the dialogue?
4. 25~26
文宣
醫師超時工作
What is this reading for?
What does the problem mean in the reading?
5. 27~28
廣告
瑕疵品
What does Wonky Markt care about?
What do we know about buying the “seconds” from Wonky Markt?
6. 29~30
新聞
公車路線變更
(文章有圖表)
What can we learn from the reading?
Which is most likely Dashing Shuttle’s map of bus lines before July 1?
(選項為圖題)
7. 31~33
新聞
美國電影的衝擊
(文章有圖表)
What does the report say about globalization’s influence on the movie world?
What can we learn from the report?
From the charts, which is true?
8. 34~37
克漏字/短文
經營困境
used to be (時態)
things didn’t get better
good news arrived
was looking for (時態)
9. 38~41
克漏字/短文
冒險家的厄運
(文章有圖表)
* cost his life
* he wasn’t the only one who had this dream
* And their ways of traveling decided which team would win
* the worst had not come yet
2017年4月10日 星期一
4 reasons to learn a new language
4 reasons to learn a new language
為什麼要學新的言語?
雖然即時翻譯功能,
日新月異,
學習新的言語仍有其魅力。
John McWhorter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McWhorter
舉出要學習新語言的四大理由:
1. Imbibe a culture
深入學習語言,多接觸,更精熟才能體現語言的文化面。
2. Bilingualism is healthy
能說兩種言語,
可減少失智症,
也比較能一口氣做好幾件事。
可鼓勵青少年開始學外語。
3. Languages are just an awful lot of fun
學習語言,發現音律之妙,字序相異處,實富樂趣。
4. We live in an era when it's never been easier to teach yourself another language
拜科技之賜,現在學語言比以前方便很多。隨時可學,網路資源用不完。可要把握機會,體會學習語言的便利和樂趣。
為什麼要學新的言語?
雖然即時翻譯功能,
日新月異,
學習新的言語仍有其魅力。
John McWhorter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McWhorter
舉出要學習新語言的四大理由:
1. Imbibe a culture
深入學習語言,多接觸,更精熟才能體現語言的文化面。
2. Bilingualism is healthy
能說兩種言語,
可減少失智症,
也比較能一口氣做好幾件事。
可鼓勵青少年開始學外語。
3. Languages are just an awful lot of fun
學習語言,發現音律之妙,字序相異處,實富樂趣。
4. We live in an era when it's never been easier to teach yourself another language
拜科技之賜,現在學語言比以前方便很多。隨時可學,網路資源用不完。可要把握機會,體會學習語言的便利和樂趣。
Hidden toxins in the fish we eat
Hidden toxins in the fish we eat
這個演講的主要論點:
…if the ocean ain't happy, ain't nobody happy.
不要讓海洋不開心。
海洋的健康和人類的健康是息息相關的。
一些人為的污染,
例如,多氯聯苯 (PCB)
https://zh.wikipedia.org/…/%E5%A4%9A%E6%B0%AF%E8%81%AF%E8%8…
人體無法吸收,
於是食物鏈的最底層,
逐漸往上,
最後累積在食物鏈的頂端。
http://pub.cjps.ntpc.edu.tw/~cnn03001/2013-writing/p5.htm
一項研究指出多氯聯苯的累積,
海豚經由乳汁傳給下一代,
造成小海豚的高死亡率,
如果人類誤食海豚肉,
等於吃下有毒物質。
演講中舉出日本有把海豚肉當鯨魚肉來賣,
若有婦女吃了,再哺乳,等於將毒物傳給嬰兒。
此外,肥料等進入食物鏈的底層,
會造成紅潮(red tide),
有毒的海藻大量繁殖,
http://www.hkredtide.org/big5/red.html
影響魚和人類的健康。
海洋的食物鏈和人類的食物鍵相互關連,
海洋健康,
人類才能保有健康,
維護海洋食物鏈,
是當務之急。
這個演講的主要論點:
…if the ocean ain't happy, ain't nobody happy.
不要讓海洋不開心。
海洋的健康和人類的健康是息息相關的。
一些人為的污染,
例如,多氯聯苯 (PCB)
https://zh.wikipedia.org/…/%E5%A4%9A%E6%B0%AF%E8%81%AF%E8%8…
人體無法吸收,
於是食物鏈的最底層,
逐漸往上,
最後累積在食物鏈的頂端。
http://pub.cjps.ntpc.edu.tw/~cnn03001/2013-writing/p5.htm
一項研究指出多氯聯苯的累積,
海豚經由乳汁傳給下一代,
造成小海豚的高死亡率,
如果人類誤食海豚肉,
等於吃下有毒物質。
演講中舉出日本有把海豚肉當鯨魚肉來賣,
若有婦女吃了,再哺乳,等於將毒物傳給嬰兒。
此外,肥料等進入食物鏈的底層,
會造成紅潮(red tide),
有毒的海藻大量繁殖,
http://www.hkredtide.org/big5/red.html
影響魚和人類的健康。
海洋的食物鏈和人類的食物鍵相互關連,
海洋健康,
人類才能保有健康,
維護海洋食物鏈,
是當務之急。
Learning styles and the importance of critical self-reflection
Learning styles and the importance of critical self-reflection
談到學習風格,
聽覺型、視覺型、動覺型/觸覺型學習,
是一般人所認同,
並視之為掌握學習的要方,
因勢利導。
但是這場演講,
卻根據種種實驗及研究,
告訴聽眾:
沒有學習風格這回事!
Tesia Marshik指出三個理由:
1. Most of what you learn is stored in terms of meaning.
(課堂學習重視的是概念、意思,要具組織力、連結力)
(而不是只有看或聽)
(We store information in terms of meaning 168. and not limited to particular sensory modes.)
2. The best way to learn (to teach) something depends on the content itself.
(學或教的最佳方式要依學習內容而調整。)
3. Many things can be taught or learned using multiple senses
(...incorporating multiple sensory experiences into one lesson makes it more meaningful.)
教或學運用多種感官學習,成效更佳,更具意義。
Tesia Marshik也指出學習風格之說廣泛被接受的兩個原因:
1. Everybody believes it.
2. Confirmation bias
(→ ...this natural tendency we have as humans to want to be right. )
https://zh.wikipedia.org/…/%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D%E5%81%8F%E8%A…
她呼籲聽眾不要相信學習風格,也不要再廣傳這想法了。
有兩個理由:
1. Waste of time and resources
教師若能忽略學習風格,則能更有充裕的時間進行更重要的教學準備和教學活動。
2. Labels can be misleading and dangerous.
學習風格的說法和作法可能誤導學生,
因為我們都能以不同的方式學習,
而不是只窄化成視覺、聽覺或觸覺。
習以為常的概念或認知,
要改變,
並不容易。
這個演講,
可以是種提醒或思考。
談到學習風格,
聽覺型、視覺型、動覺型/觸覺型學習,
是一般人所認同,
並視之為掌握學習的要方,
因勢利導。
但是這場演講,
卻根據種種實驗及研究,
告訴聽眾:
沒有學習風格這回事!
Tesia Marshik指出三個理由:
1. Most of what you learn is stored in terms of meaning.
(課堂學習重視的是概念、意思,要具組織力、連結力)
(而不是只有看或聽)
(We store information in terms of meaning 168. and not limited to particular sensory modes.)
2. The best way to learn (to teach) something depends on the content itself.
(學或教的最佳方式要依學習內容而調整。)
3. Many things can be taught or learned using multiple senses
(...incorporating multiple sensory experiences into one lesson makes it more meaningful.)
教或學運用多種感官學習,成效更佳,更具意義。
Tesia Marshik也指出學習風格之說廣泛被接受的兩個原因:
1. Everybody believes it.
2. Confirmation bias
(→ ...this natural tendency we have as humans to want to be right. )
https://zh.wikipedia.org/…/%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D%E5%81%8F%E8%A…
她呼籲聽眾不要相信學習風格,也不要再廣傳這想法了。
有兩個理由:
1. Waste of time and resources
教師若能忽略學習風格,則能更有充裕的時間進行更重要的教學準備和教學活動。
2. Labels can be misleading and dangerous.
學習風格的說法和作法可能誤導學生,
因為我們都能以不同的方式學習,
而不是只窄化成視覺、聽覺或觸覺。
習以為常的概念或認知,
要改變,
並不容易。
這個演講,
可以是種提醒或思考。
2017年4月9日 星期日
Cool English「VOA精選新聞」
Cool English為教育部專為國中小學生設計的英語線上學習平臺
(https://www.coolenglish.edu.tw/),學習資源很豐富。
2017年在閱讀部分新增了「悅讀書屋」、「VOA精選新聞」以及「VOA哈燒雙語新聞」三大區域。「VOA精選新聞」精選六十則Voice of America(VOA)頻道國際新聞, 國中生善用本課程既能提升英語閱讀力、擴增字彙、增長知識,又能更具世界觀,真是一舉數得。
進入Cool English學習平臺,點選「閱讀」→「VOA精選新聞」,就能進入學習區。
六十個學習單元包含5個主題:
1. 奇人軼事 (12課)
2. 名人故事 (8課)
3. 運動與休閒 (11課)
4. 文化與藝術 (10課)
5. 自然與科學 (15課)
6. 人權議題 (4題)
並依照新聞內容的難易度,標示初級、中級、中高級或高級。學生可依照自己的程度選讀課程。
為了幫助學生能自學新聞英語,「VOA精選新聞」具有下列三個特色:
1. 將文章與真人朗讀音檔數位化呈現。
2. 在文章段落裡標示難字,並在單字欄裡加註中文意思。
3. 每則新聞都附有習題區,以幫助學生檢視是否能充份理解新聞內容。
各課練習題主要有以下三類題目:
A. 歸納篇章主旨
B. 掌握細節
C. 猜測字義
每道題目答題後都會給予立即回饋,能幫助學生檢視自己的學習成效。
「VOA精選新聞」的新聞頁面都搭配和報導相關的插圖,既美觀,也有助學生了解報導的情境。
熟讀「VOA精選新聞」,提升英語閱讀力。
善用好的資源,享受自學的學習樂趣。
「VOA精選新聞」,值得推薦。
2017年3月6日 星期一
Does grammar matter?
Does grammar matter?
文法真的很重要嗎?
什麼是文法?
語言學家的觀點:
...grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together
to form phrases or clauses whether spoken or in writing.
世界上各語言各有其模式。
以英語和日語及其他語言做比較。
(...few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.)
英語通常為主詞+動詞+受詞。
日語及其他語言則為主詞+受詞+動詞。
描述語言的模式,主要有兩種:
prescriptivism (規約論)和descriptivism (描述論)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_prescription
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_description
簡單的區分為
Prescriptivists think a given language should follow consistent rules.
Descriptivists see variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language.
規約論制定標準形式,有一套詳細的文法規則,運用於寫作,
也運用於口說英語。
但是寫作和口說其實很不同。
口說自有其一套規則及模式,
例如,人們講話時,會用情緒和聲調來表達不同的意思,
所使用的結構也比較有彈性,
使用的句子結構也會避免太複雜等等,
描述論因而因應而生。
影片中也道出兩者的差異處:
Rather than deciding how language should be used, it
(=descriptivism) describes how people actually use it (=the language), and tracks the innovations they come up with in the process.
但是規約論和描述論其實並不是完全排斥的。
規約論應用於正式寫作,有助於不同背景的非母語人士間的溝通。
描述論則是讓我們透視心智如何運用語言,人類如何用本能建構以表達對世界的看法。
影片最後,
再為文法下一次定義:
Ultimately, grammar is best thought of as a set of linguistic habits
that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users.
文法真的很重要嗎?
什麼是文法?
語言學家的觀點:
...grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together
to form phrases or clauses whether spoken or in writing.
世界上各語言各有其模式。
以英語和日語及其他語言做比較。
(...few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.)
英語通常為主詞+動詞+受詞。
日語及其他語言則為主詞+受詞+動詞。
描述語言的模式,主要有兩種:
prescriptivism (規約論)和descriptivism (描述論)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_prescription
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_description
簡單的區分為
Prescriptivists think a given language should follow consistent rules.
Descriptivists see variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language.
規約論制定標準形式,有一套詳細的文法規則,運用於寫作,
也運用於口說英語。
但是寫作和口說其實很不同。
口說自有其一套規則及模式,
例如,人們講話時,會用情緒和聲調來表達不同的意思,
所使用的結構也比較有彈性,
使用的句子結構也會避免太複雜等等,
描述論因而因應而生。
影片中也道出兩者的差異處:
Rather than deciding how language should be used, it
(=descriptivism) describes how people actually use it (=the language), and tracks the innovations they come up with in the process.
但是規約論和描述論其實並不是完全排斥的。
規約論應用於正式寫作,有助於不同背景的非母語人士間的溝通。
描述論則是讓我們透視心智如何運用語言,人類如何用本能建構以表達對世界的看法。
影片最後,
再為文法下一次定義:
Ultimately, grammar is best thought of as a set of linguistic habits
that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users.
2017年2月26日 星期日
How to get control of your free time
TED_How to get control of your free time
談到時間管理,
人們總會想到如何節省時間,
但是Laura Vanderkam卻提出其獨到的看法。
她研究許多極度忙碌的婦女,
由被研究者的生活記錄,
訪談,
歸納出時間管理的核心理念:
We don't build the lives we want by saving time. We build the lives we want, and then time saves itself.
她指出我們能掌握的時間,
以一星期168小時來說,
其實工作時間沒有我們所想像的多,
我們能妥善運用時間,
行事有先後順序,
我們便會有時間做我們想做的事。
例如,
一個訪談對象的回應:
...everything I do, every minute I spend, is my choice.
...I don't do x, y or z because it's not a priority. "I don't have time," often means "It's not a priority."...
時間是種選擇:
....we have the power to fill our lives with the things that deserve to be there.
她建議我們預先列出我們的年度計畫,
彷彿在年終時看到自己一年來的表現報告表,
聚焦在幾項要完成的事,
再逐步落實。
她也建議我們在星期五下午,
思考自己的人生方向:
career, relationships, self,
每項列出2-3點,
以週為單位,
善用時間完成。
她並鼓勵我們:
....we can find time for what matters to you.
...small moments can have great power. ...
不要忽略了我們能掌握的時間,
做真正想做的事,
人生才豐實。
談到時間管理,
人們總會想到如何節省時間,
但是Laura Vanderkam卻提出其獨到的看法。
她研究許多極度忙碌的婦女,
由被研究者的生活記錄,
訪談,
歸納出時間管理的核心理念:
We don't build the lives we want by saving time. We build the lives we want, and then time saves itself.
她指出我們能掌握的時間,
以一星期168小時來說,
其實工作時間沒有我們所想像的多,
我們能妥善運用時間,
行事有先後順序,
我們便會有時間做我們想做的事。
例如,
一個訪談對象的回應:
...everything I do, every minute I spend, is my choice.
...I don't do x, y or z because it's not a priority. "I don't have time," often means "It's not a priority."...
時間是種選擇:
....we have the power to fill our lives with the things that deserve to be there.
她建議我們預先列出我們的年度計畫,
彷彿在年終時看到自己一年來的表現報告表,
聚焦在幾項要完成的事,
再逐步落實。
她也建議我們在星期五下午,
思考自己的人生方向:
career, relationships, self,
每項列出2-3點,
以週為單位,
善用時間完成。
她並鼓勵我們:
....we can find time for what matters to you.
...small moments can have great power. ...
不要忽略了我們能掌握的時間,
做真正想做的事,
人生才豐實。
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