2014年11月22日 星期六

用遊玩、熱情及目標培養創新思維

Play, passion, purpose
用遊玩、熱情及目標培養創新思維


我們常說教育需改革(reform),
但是Tony Wagner卻說,
整個教育制度已過時(obsolete),
需要徹底改造(reinvent)。
主要的改變 ,
來自資訊科技讓知識普遍化,
很多資訊只要google一下,
就可找到答案。
Knowledge today is a commodity.
It's free. It's like air. It's like water.
例如,可汗學院 (the Khan Academy),
https://www.khanacademy.org/
http://www.4ggc.net/content.php?id=46
想學習,就有資源。
因此現在的問題,
不在擁有多少知識,
而是如何應用所學。
What the world cares about is not what you know,
but what you can do with what you know.
他提出高中生應具有的七個核心能力(core competences),
這些能力不僅能幫助年輕人找到好的工作,
更能成為持續的學習者,
1. Critical thinking and problem solving
(critical thinking= the ability to ask the right questions,
ask really good questions)
2. Collaboration across networks and leading by influence
3. Agility and adaptability
4. Initiative and entrepreneurialism
5. Effective oral and written communication
6. Accessing and analyzing information
7. Curiosity and imagination
Tony Wagner也指出
世界是平的,
要解決目前的經濟問題,
不能光靠花少存多,
而是創新(innovation),
用創新的方式
解決問題,
製造新的工作機會。
那到底學校的教育是否能培養學生的創造力呢?
他指出目前的教育問題:
1. 過度重視個人成就
But innovation is a team sport.

2. 重視專業(specialization)
But the world of innovation is interdisciplinary (跨學科的).
and problem-based learning.

3. 厭惡冒險、懲罰失敗
But the world of innovation, as you will know,
is all about taking risks,
making mistakes, and learning from them.
*"You know we are actually thinking F is the new A."
現在我們要談的是iteration,而不是failure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteration
In learning, there are no mistakes, there are iterations.
許多直昇機父母 (the helicopter parents)
總是一心想保護小孩,
深恐他們犯錯。

4. 被動消費(passive consumption)
課堂學生不應只是被動學習,
應能創造(create)。

5. 太重視外在動機 (extrinsic incentives)
真正學習應來自內在動機 (intrinsic incentives),
因為想要讓世界不一樣。
They want to make a difference in the world.

他提出
Play to passion to purpose.
父母應鼓勵小孩去玩耍、探索、發現,
充滿熱情,
也找到更深層的目的(purpose)。

課堂風景應是
Students do projects, to do research, to do experimentation,
to find and pursue an intellectual or artistic passion.

最後,
他期勉教育工作者:
We have to be innovators in our teaching,
and in our mentoring.


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