How pollution is changing the ocean’s chemistry
海洋何其重要，
供應人類許多所需，
以往人們常以為海洋如此浩瀚，
不會受人類的種種活動所影響，
但是這個演講，
事實並非如此，
因為已造成海洋酸化，
(ocean acidification, or the evil twin of climate change)。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification
http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=34382
二氧化碳排放量增加→進入海洋→海水pH值降低→海洋酸度增加。
科學家監測海洋酸度已有二十多年，
主要在ocean time-series sites，
例如，
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Ocean_Time-series。
目前海洋的酸度從工業前時代以來已增加26%。
若再不降低二氧化碳的排放量，
則可能在本世紀末增加為170%。
若是這樣，
對於海洋生物將是很大的威脅，
造成很多海洋物種的大量滅絕。
例如，
*海洋酸度增加→碳酸氫鹽離子(carbonate ions)降低→螃蟹、蚌、牡蠣造殼原料減少。
*珊瑚也需要碳酸氫鹽離子建造珊瑚礁，若是碳酸氫鹽離子一直降低，則連同
螃蟹、蚌、牡蠣等都會開始溶解。
珊瑚礁維持25%的海洋生物的生存，因此要正視海洋酸化可能造成的影響和破壞。
減碳，
刻不容緩。
2017年7月4日 星期二
12 truths I learned from life and writing
12 truths I learned from life and writing
美國作家Anne Lamott分享她的人生智慧
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Lamott
1. All truth is a paradox.
人生不盡完美，總有其矛盾之處。
2. Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a few minutes─ including you.
3. There is almost nothing outside of you that will help in any kind of lasting way...
許多事總要靠自己，別人是幫不上忙的。同樣的，別人的問題，我們也常使不上勁 。總是要多靠自己找答案，想辦法才行。
4. Everyone is screwed up, broken, clingy and scared, even the people who seem to have it most together.
每個人都有其難處，不能光看表象。
5. Chocolate with 75 percent cacao is not actually a food.
6. Writing.
Every writer you know writes really terrible first drafts, but they keep their butt in the chair. That's the secret of life.
寫作從草稿開始，持續寫，一再修稿，靠的是恆毅力。
她提出兩個要點：
bird by bird and really god-awful first drafts.
http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/08/17/reviews/lamott-bird.html
7. Publication and temporary creative successes are something you have to recover from.
創作、出版，有人讀，是奇蹟。
但是要清醒，不要因而昏頭了。
要看重的是寫作的歷程。
8. Families.
Families are hard, hard, hard, no matter how cherished and astonishing they may also be. Again, see number one.
Earth is forgiveness school.
家，有其矛盾之處。
學習寬恕自己，也寬恕家人，以愛相待。
9. Food.
Try to do a little better.
10. Grace.
The movement of grace is what changes us, heals us and heals our world.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grace
要具幽默感，
常大笑，
(Laughter really is carbonated holiness. It helps us breathe again and again and gives us back to ourselves, and this gives us faith in life and each other.)
11. God just means goodness.
A good name for God is: "Not me."
Emerson: The happiest person on Earth is the one who learns from nature the lessons of worship.
要仰望，
神是恩慈的。
12. Death.
Death is as sacred as birth. And don't worry — get on with your life.
Ram Dass: When all is said and done, we're really just all walking each other home.
人生，
要學習，
心靈，
要成長。
美國作家Anne Lamott分享她的人生智慧
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Lamott
1. All truth is a paradox.
人生不盡完美，總有其矛盾之處。
2. Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a few minutes─ including you.
3. There is almost nothing outside of you that will help in any kind of lasting way...
許多事總要靠自己，別人是幫不上忙的。同樣的，別人的問題，我們也常使不上勁 。總是要多靠自己找答案，想辦法才行。
4. Everyone is screwed up, broken, clingy and scared, even the people who seem to have it most together.
每個人都有其難處，不能光看表象。
5. Chocolate with 75 percent cacao is not actually a food.
6. Writing.
Every writer you know writes really terrible first drafts, but they keep their butt in the chair. That's the secret of life.
寫作從草稿開始，持續寫，一再修稿，靠的是恆毅力。
她提出兩個要點：
bird by bird and really god-awful first drafts.
http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/08/17/reviews/lamott-bird.html
7. Publication and temporary creative successes are something you have to recover from.
創作、出版，有人讀，是奇蹟。
但是要清醒，不要因而昏頭了。
要看重的是寫作的歷程。
8. Families.
Families are hard, hard, hard, no matter how cherished and astonishing they may also be. Again, see number one.
Earth is forgiveness school.
家，有其矛盾之處。
學習寬恕自己，也寬恕家人，以愛相待。
9. Food.
Try to do a little better.
10. Grace.
The movement of grace is what changes us, heals us and heals our world.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grace
要具幽默感，
常大笑，
(Laughter really is carbonated holiness. It helps us breathe again and again and gives us back to ourselves, and this gives us faith in life and each other.)
11. God just means goodness.
A good name for God is: "Not me."
Emerson: The happiest person on Earth is the one who learns from nature the lessons of worship.
要仰望，
神是恩慈的。
12. Death.
Death is as sacred as birth. And don't worry — get on with your life.
Ram Dass: When all is said and done, we're really just all walking each other home.
人生，
要學習，
心靈，
要成長。
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